Managing dependencies and shared codebases across multiple projects can be a challenge in software development. Git submodules offer a powerful solution by allowing you to embed one Git repository as a subdirectory within another. This article explores what Git submodules are, why they are useful, and how to work with them effectively through a step-by-step guide.

When working with NestJS and Mongoose, one commonly used feature is the timestamps option in schemas, which automatically manages createdAt and updatedAt fields. By default, Mongoose uses camelCase (createdAt, updatedAt) for these fields. However, you might need to follow a different naming convention, such as snake_case (created_at, updated_at), to align with your database's naming standards or project guidelines.

In this article, we'll explore how to customize these keys in a NestJS Mongoose schema.

A closure in JavaScript is a feature where a function retains access to its lexical scope, even when the function is executed outside that scope. Closures allow functions to "remember" the variables from their original context, enabling powerful and flexible programming patterns.

In simpler terms, a closure is created when an inner function accesses variables declared in its outer function, even after the outer function has finished executing.

In this article, we will explore how to implement a custom response interceptor in a NestJS application to format all API responses in a standardized structure. This is particularly useful for maintaining consistency across APIs, making it easier for front-end developers and other consumers of the API to parse and understand the responses.

What Is an Interceptor in NestJS?​

In NestJS, interceptors are a powerful feature that allow you to:

1. Transform data before sending it to the client.
2. Manipulate the request/response.
3. Perform logging, analytics, or caching.
4. Add custom headers or structure the API response consistently.

Interceptors are executed before and/or after the route handler, giving you the flexibility to transform the incoming request or the outgoing response.

JavaScript is often described as single-threaded, non-blocking, asynchronous, and concurrent. While these terms can seem daunting, the underlying concepts are straightforward when you understand how the Event Loop, Call Stack, Microtask Queue, and Macrotask Queue work together. In this article, we’ll demystify these concepts with explanations and code examples.

The Call Stack​

The Call Stack is where JavaScript keeps track of function execution. It operates on the "last in, first out" (LIFO) principle. When a function is called, it’s added to the top of the stack. Once the function finishes execution, it’s removed from the stack.

This article evaluates the performance of MongoDB, PostgreSQL (two versions), and CockroachDB in handling data insertion and querying tasks. The comparison is based on how these databases manage workloads, emphasizing time taken for data insertion and query execution.

Reference GitHub Repository: For further insights into BSON and JSON performance, refer to the BSON-JSON Bakeoff repository.

Test Overview​

1. Insertion Test:

   • 10,000 documents with a 4,000-byte (4KB) payload were inserted into an indexed field.
   • Two scenarios were tested:
     • Payload stored in a single attribute.
     • Payload distributed across 200 attributes.

2. Query Test:

   • Queried 10,000 IDs from an indexed array.

3. Metrics Measured:

   • Time taken for each operation.
   • Total items retrieved during queries.

Explore an optimized Angular folder structure for large-scale applications using CSS. Learn best practices for modularization, lazy loading, state management, and component organization to ensure maintainability, scalability, and performance in your Angular projects.

1. Base Folder Structure​

src/
│
├── app/
│   ├── core/                # Core module (singleton services, utility classes)
│   ├── shared/              # Shared module (components, directives, pipes, etc.)
│   ├── features/            # Feature modules (for specific domain functionality)
│   ├── assets/              # Static files (images, fonts, etc.)
│   ├── environments/        # Environment-specific configurations
│   ├── app.component.ts     # Root component
│   ├── app.module.ts        # Root module
│   └── app-routing.module.ts
│
├── assets/                  # Global assets (images, styles)
│
├── environments/            # Environment configuration files (dev, prod, etc.)
│
└── styles/                  # Global styles

Learn how to integrate Firestore with NestJS in this step-by-step guide. This example demonstrates setting up Firebase Admin SDK, creating services for CRUD operations, and exposing RESTful APIs to interact with Firestore in your NestJS application.

To integrate NestJS with Google Firestore, you will need to follow a few steps to set up and interact with Firestore within a NestJS application.

Here’s a simple example that demonstrates how to set up Firestore with NestJS, including the installation and usage of required dependencies, as well as an example service and controller to interact with Firestore.

NestJS is a progressive framework for building scalable server-side applications. To enhance security, optimize performance, and streamline functionality, various middleware and libraries are integrated into NestJS projects. This guide explores essential tools and features such as CORS, Swagger, Mongoose, Rate Limiting, CSP, Helmet, Custom Logging, PM2 Logging, and Environment Variables Handling with .env, complete with examples.

Message queues enable asynchronous communication in distributed systems, helping applications to scale, improve fault tolerance, and decouple components. Below is a comprehensive comparison of RabbitMQ, Kafka, ActiveMQ, IBM MQ, and NATS, along with their use cases, advantages, disadvantages, and guidance on when to choose each.